>All of it.  Hmmm... I though that might be the case (though I've had trouble finding any really clear descriptions/diagrams.) I suppose that turnout is, like many other things, improved with a lot of practice; but can a late-starter like me get anywhere near the 'ideal' with time, or am I likely to reach a physical limit?

>The point of turnout is what it does to your hip joint, not what it does to your feet.I understand; I've seen several sketches of first position where the kneecap seems to point out at 60-70 degrees, so I wasn't sure.

>> ...and how much rotation should be taken up by the knee joint?>None.  Turnout is for freedom of motion, getting the top of the femur out of the way of the pelvis so you get good extension to the side.>Tom

Thanks for your help Tom;

A.